The seven types of elder abuse

1. Physical abuse

The use of force that causes pain, injury, or impairment — hitting, pushing, slapping, kicking, improper use of restraints, or giving incorrect doses of medication. Look for unexplained injuries or injuries that don't match the explanation.

2. Emotional or psychological abuse

Verbal and non-verbal acts that cause mental anguish — threats, humiliation, intimidation, isolation, or ignoring the person. It often occurs alongside other forms of abuse and shows up as fear, withdrawal, or sudden personality changes.

3. Financial exploitation

The illegal or improper use of an older adult's money, property, or assets — through scams, coercion, theft, or misuse of a power of attorney. According to the NCEA, family members account for a large share of financial abusers.

4. Sexual abuse

Any non-consensual sexual contact, including with someone unable to give consent due to dementia or incapacity. Because of shame and fear, it is one of the most under-reported forms.

5. Neglect

The failure of a caregiver to meet basic needs — food, water, shelter, hygiene, medical care, and safety. Neglect is the most commonly reported form of abuse in nursing homes and can be just as life-threatening as intentional harm.

6. Abandonment

The desertion of a vulnerable older adult by someone responsible for their care. It can be considered an extreme form of neglect and can severely erode health and well-being.

7. Self-neglect

When an older adult's own behavior threatens their health or safety — refusing essential care, food, or medication — often driven by cognitive decline, depression, isolation, or lack of resources rather than choice.

Wherever harm is happening, the next steps are the same: keep the person safe, document what you see, and get help. Readwhat to do if you suspect elder abuse.